Events

• 762 – Baghdad is founded.

• 1419 – First Defenestration of Prague.

• 1502 – Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off the coast of Honduras during his fourth voyage.

• 1608 – At Ticonderoga (now Crown Point, New York), Samuel de Champlain shoots and kills two Iroquois chiefs. This was to set the tone for French-Iroquois relations for the next one hundred years.

• 1619 – In Jamestown, Virginia, the first representative assembly in the Americas, the House of Burgesses, convenes for the first time.

• 1629 – An earthquake in Naples, Italy kills 10,000 people.

• 1729 – Baltimore, Maryland is founded.

• 1733 – The first Masonic Grand Lodge in the future United States is constituted in Massachusetts.

• 1756 – Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers.

• 1811 – Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Mexico.

• 1825 – Malden Island is discovered.

• 1859 – First ascent of Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in the Alps.

• 1863 – Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, agreeing to stop the harassment of emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah.

• 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of the Crater – Union forces attempt to break Confederate lines at Petersburg, Virginia by exploding a large bomb under their trenches.

• 1866 – New Orleans's Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150.

• 1871 – The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.

• 1916 – Black Tom Island explosion in Jersey City, NJ.

• 1930 – In Montevideo, Uruguay wins the first Football World Cup.

• 1932 – Premiere of Walt Disney's Flowers and Trees, the first cartoon short to use Technicolor and the first Academy Award winning cartoon short

• 1945 – World War II: Japanese submarine I-58 sinks the , killing 883 seamen.

• 1953 – Rikidōzan holds a ceremony announcing the establishment of the Japan Pro Wrestling Alliance.

• 1956 – A joint resolution of the U.S. Congress is signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, authorizing In God We Trust as the U.S. national motto.

• 1965 – US President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.

• 1969 – Vietnam War: US President Richard M. Nixon makes an unscheduled visit to South Vietnam and meets with President Nguyen Van Thieu and U.S. military commanders.

• 1971 – Apollo program: Apollo 15 Mission – David Scott and James Irwin on Apollo Lunar Module module, Falcon, land with first Lunar Rover on the moon.

• 1971 – An All Nippon Airways Boeing 727 and a Japanese Air Force F-86 collide over Morioka, Japan killing 162.

• 1974 – Watergate Scandal: US President Richard M. Nixon releases subpoenaed White House recordings after being ordered to do so by the United States Supreme Court.

• 1974 – Six Royal Canadian Army Cadets killed and fifty-four injured in an accidental grenade blast at CFB Valcartier Cadet Camp.

• 1975 – Jimmy Hoffa disappears from the parking lot of the Machus Red Fox restaurant in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit, at about 2:30 p.m. He is never seen or heard from again.

• 1975 – The Troubles: three members of a popular cabaret band and two gunmen are killed during a botched paramilitary attack in Northern Ireland (see Miami Showband killings).

• 1978 – The 730 (transport), Okinawa changes its traffic on the right-hand side of the road to the left-hand side.

• 1980 – Vanuatu gains independence.

• 1980 – Israel's Knesset passes the Jerusalem Law

• 1997 – Eighteen lives are lost in the Thredbo Landslide in New South Wales, Australia.

• 2003 – In Mexico, the last 'old style' Volkswagen Beetle rolls off the assembly line.

• 2006 – World's longest running music show Top of the Pops is broadcast for the last time on BBC Two. The show had aired for 42 years.

• 2006 – Lebanon War: At least 28 civilians, including 16 children are killed by the Israeli Air Force in what Lebanese call the Second Qana massacre.

• 2009 – A bomb explodes in Palma Nova, Mallorca, killing 2 police officers. Basque separatist group ETA is believed to be responsible.

Births

• 1511 – Giorgio Vasari, Italian painter, author and architect (d. 1574)

• 1549 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (d. 1609)

• 1641 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1673)

• 1751 – Maria Anna Mozart, Austrian musician (d. 1829)

• 1763 – Samuel Rogers, English author (d. 1855)

• 1809 – Charles Chiniquy, Quebec-born excommunicated Catholic priest (d. 1899)

• 1818 – Emily Brontë, English novelist (d. 1848)

• 1818 – Jan Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1897)

• 1825 – Chaim Aronson, inventor and academic (d. 1893)

• 1855 – Georg Wilhelm von Siemens, German industrialist (d. 1919)

• 1857 – Thorstein Veblen, American economist (d. 1929)

• 1859 – Henry Simpson Lunn, English humanitarian (d. 1939)

• 1863 – Henry Ford, American industrialist (d. 1947)

• 1872 – Princess Clémentine of Belgium (d. 1955)

• 1881 – Smedley Butler, American Marine general (d. 1940)

• 1889 – Vladimir Zworykin, Russian physicist (d. 1982)

• 1890 – Casey Stengel, American baseball manager (d. 1975)

• 1893 – Fatima Jinnah, Pakistani Mother of the Nation (d. 1967)

• 1895 – Wanda Hawley, American actress (d. 1963)

• 1898 – Henry Moore, English sculptor (d. 1986)

• 1899 – Gerald Moore, English pianist (d. 1987)

• 1901 – Alfred Lépine, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (d. 1955)

• 1904 – Salvador Novo, Mexican writer (d. 1974)

• 1909 – C. Northcote Parkinson, English historian (d. 1993)

• 1909 – Magda Schneider German actress (d. 1996).

• 1910 – Edgar de Evia, American photographer (d. 2003)

• 1914 – Lord Killanin, Irish IOC president (d. 1999)

• 1916 – Dick Wilson, American actor (d. 2007)

• 1919 – Berniece Baker Miracle, half-sister of Marilyn Monroe

• 1921 – Grant Johannesen, American pianist (d. 2005)

• 1922 – Henry W. Bloch, American co-founder of H&R Block

• 1925 – Alexander Trocchi, Scottish writer (d. 1984)

• 1925 – Jacques Sernas, French actor

• 1926 – Christine McGuire, American singer (The McGuire Sisters)

• 1927 – Pete Schoening, American mountaineer (d. 2004)

• 1927 – Victor Wong, American actor (d. 2001)

• 1928 – Eunice Muñoz, Portuguese actress

• 1928 – Joe Nuxhall, American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 2007)

• 1929 – Sid Krofft, Canadian children's television producer

• 1933 – Edd Byrnes, American actor

• 1934 – Bud Selig, American Commissioner of Baseball

• 1935 – Ted Rogers, English comedian and game show host (d. 2001)

• 1936 – Buddy Guy, American blues guitarist and singer

• 1936 – Infanta Pilar of Spain

• 1938 – Hervé de Charette, French politician

• 1939 – Peter Bogdanovich, American film director

• 1939 – Eleanor Smeal, American feminist

• 1940 – Pat Schroeder, American politician

• 1940 – Sir Clive Sinclair, English entrepreneur and inventor

• 1941 – Paul Anka, Canadian singer and composer

• 1943 – Henri-François Gautrin, Quebec politician

• 1945 – Patrick Modiano, French novelist

• 1945 – David Sanborn, American saxophonist

• 1946 – Neil Bonnett, American race car driver (d. 1994)

• 1947 – William Atherton, American actor

• 1947 – Jonathan Mann, AIDS activist (d. 1998)

• 1947 – Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-born American actor, bodybuilder, and 38th Governor of California

• 1948 – Jean Reno, Moroccan-born French actor

• 1948 – Julia Tsenova, Bulgarian composer and musician (d. 2010)

• 1949 – Duck Baker, American guitarist

• 1950 – Frank Stallone, American singer and actor

• 1951 – Alan Kourie, former South African cricketer

• 1954 – Ken Olin, American actor

• 1956 – Delta Burke, American actress

• 1956 – Soraida Martinez, American Painter, Creator of Verdadism.

• 1956 – Réal Cloutier, Canadian ice hockey player

• 1956 – Anita Hill, American author

• 1957 – Clint Hurdle, American baseball player and manager

• 1957 – Bill Cartwright, American basketball player

• 1957 – Nery Pumpido, Argentine footballer

• 1957 – Rat Scabies, English drummer (The Damned)

• 1958 – Kate Bush, English singer/songwriter

• 1958 – Neal McCoy, American singer/songwriter and humanitarian

• 1958 – Daley Thompson, English decathlete

• 1960 – Richard Linklater, American filmmaker

• 1961 – Laurence Fishburne, American actor

• 1962 – Alton Brown, American television host and chef

• 1962 – Jay Feaster, American National Hockey League executive

• 1963 – Lisa Kudrow, American actress

• 1963 – Chris Mullin, American basketball player

• 1964 – Vivica A. Fox, American actress

• 1964 – Jürgen Klinsmann, German footballer and manager

• 1964 – Alek Keshishian, Lebanese-born American film director

• 1965 – Tim Munton, Former England cricketer

• 1966 – Allan Langer, Australian Rugby League Player, (Brisbane Broncos & Warrington Wolves)

• 1968 – Terry Crews, American football player and actor

• 1968 – Robert Korzeniowski, Polish athlete

• 1968 – Sean Moore, Welsh drummer (Manic Street Preachers)

• 1969 – Simon Baker, Australian actor

• 1969 – Errol Stewart, Former South African cricketer and lawyer

• 1970 – Dean Edwards, American comedian

• 1970 – Christopher Nolan, English film director

• 1971 – Tom Green, Canadian comedian and actor

• 1971 – Elvis Crespo, Puerto Rican singer

• 1971 – Christine Taylor, American actress

• 1971 – Sagi Kalev, Bodybuilder

• 1973 – Markus Näslund, Swedish ice hockey player

• 1973 – Sonu Nigam, Indian singer/actor

• 1974 – Sandra Diaz-Twine, Winner of Survivor: Pearl Islands

• 1974 – Radostin Kishishev, Bulgarian footballer

• 1974 – Jason Robinson, English dual-code rugby player

• 1974 – Hilary Swank, American actress

• 1975 – Graham Nicholls, English artist

• 1975 – Cherie Priest, American writer

• 1977 – Diana Bolocco, Chilean television presenter

• 1977 – James Branaman, American model and reality show contestant

• 1977 – Jaime Pressly, American actress

• 1977 – Ian Watkins, Welsh singer (Lostprophets)

• 1979 – Carlos Arroyo, Puerto Rican basketball player

• 1979 – Show Luo, Taiwanese Singer,Host, Dancer and Actor

• 1979 – Graeme McDowell, Northern Irish golfer

• 1980 – Sara Anzanello, Italian volleyball player

• 1980 – Justin Rose, British golfer

• 1980 – Chuck Thomas, British TV producer / presenter

• 1981 – Nicky Hayden, American motorcycle racer

• 1981 – Juan Smith, South African rugby player

• 1982 – James Anderson, English cricketer

• 1982 – Jehad Al-Hussain, Syrian footballer

• 1982 – Yvonne Strahovski, Australian actress

• 1983 – Sean Dillon, Irish footballer

• 1984 – Gabrielle Christian, American actress

• 1984 – Kevin Pittsnogle, American basketball player

• 1985 – Daniel Fredheim Holm, Norwegian footballer

• 1990 – Coco Sumner, English musician

• 1999 – Joey King, American actress.

• 2002 – Prince Hridayendra of Nepal, Nepalese royal

Deaths

• 578 – Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of Edessa

• 579 – Pope Benedict I

• 1540 – Thomas Abel, English priest (martyred)

• 1540 – Robert Barnes, English churchman (martyred) (b. 1495)

• 1550 – Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton, English politician (b. 1505)

• 1652 – Charles Amédée de Savoie, 6th Duc de Nemours, French soldier (b. 1624)

• 1680 – Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory, Irish naval commander (b. 1634)

• 1683 – Maria Theresa of Spain, queen of Louis XIV of France (b. 1638)

• 1691 – Daniel Georg Morhof, German writer and scholar (b. 1639)

• 1718 – William Penn, English founder of the Province of Pennsylvania (b. 1644)

• 1771 – Thomas Gray, English poet and letter-writer (b. 1716)

• 1789 – Giovanna Bonanno, Italian poisoner and alleged witch

• 1811 – Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican patriot and Independence leader (b. 1753)

• 1875 – George Pickett, American Confederate general (b. 1825)

• 1889 – Charlie Absolom, Former England cricketer (b. 1846)

• 1898 – Otto von Bismarck, 1st Chancellor of the German Empire (b. 1815)

• 1900 – Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1844)

• 1912 – Emperor Meiji, Japanese emperor (b. 1852)

• 1918 – Joyce Kilmer, American poet (b. 1886)

• 1920 – Albert Gustaf Dahlman, Swedish executioner, the last to carry out capital punishment in Sweden (b. 1848)

• 1930 – Joan Gamper, Swiss-Catalan businessman and founder of FC Barcelona (b. 1877)

• 1947 – Joseph Cook, 6th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1860)

• 1965 – Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Japanese author (b. 1886)

• 1970 – George Szell, Hungarian conductor (b. 1897)

• 1971 – Kenneth Slessor, Australian poet (b. 1901)

• 1982 – Roberta Pedon, American glamour model (b. 1954)

• 1983 – Howard Dietz, American lyricist (b. 1896)

• 1983 – Lynn Fontanne, English actress (b. 1887)

• 1985 – Julia Hall Bowman Robinson, American mathematician (b. 1919)

• 1989 – Lane Frost, American bull rider (b. 1963)

• 1992 – Joe Shuster, Canadian comic book artist (b. 1914)

• 1992 – Brenda Marshall, American actress (b. 1915)

• 1994 – Ryszard Riedel, Polish singer (b.1956)

• 1996 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (b. 1903)

• 1997 – Bảo Đại, Emperor of Vietnam (b. 1913)

• 1998 – Buffalo Bob Smith, American television host (Howdy Doody) (b. 1917)

• 1998 – Jorge Russek, Mexican actor (b. 1932)

• 2001 – Anton Schwarzkopf, German amusement ride engineer (b. 1924)

• 2003 – Sam Phillips, American record producer (b. 1923)

• 2004 – Andre Noble, Canadian actor (b. 1979)

• 2005 – Ray Cunningham, American baseball player (b. 1905)

• 2005 – John Garang, Vice President of Sudan (b. 1945)

• 2005 – Anthony Walker, English hate crime murder victim (b. 1987)

• 2006 – Anthony Galla-Rini, American accordionist (b. 1904)

• 2006 – Al Balding, Canadian golfer (b. 1924)

• 2006 – Murray Bookchin, American libertarian socialist (b. 1921)

• 2007 – Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian film director (b. 1912)

• 2007 – Teoctist, Ex-Patriarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church (b. 1915)

• 2007 – Ingmar Bergman, Swedish stage and film director (b. 1918)

• 2007 – Bill Walsh, American football coach (b. 1931)

• 2008 – Anne Armstrong U.S. ambassador to Britain (b. 1927)

• 2009 – Peter Zadek, German theatre director (b. 1926)

Holidays and observances

• Christian Feast Day:

• *Abdon and Sennen

• *Peter Chrysologus

• *Ursus of Auxerre

• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Vanuatu from the United Kingdom and France in 1980.